Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    11
    4
    3
    7
    9
    10
    2
    6
    5
    1
    8

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    5
    2
    3
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    3 Neboli doma.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.