Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    12
    10
    4
    6
    1
    7
    9
    8
    3
    5
    2
    11

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    5
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    3 Neboli doma.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    6 Kedy volala?
    10 Urobil si chybu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.