Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    11
    6
    8
    12
    4
    9
    2
    7
    1
    10
    3

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    3 Písal som im. write to
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    1 Poďme peši. walk
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    3 Neboli doma.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.