Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    6
    5
    2
    10
    3
    4
    8
    12
    1
    9
    11
    7

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    4 Počul som o tom. hear

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    1
    2
    5
    3
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    19 Zabudnime na to.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    6 Kedy volala?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.