Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • f Kúpil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    3
    1
    11
    12
    2
    4
    10
    6
    9
    7
    8

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    4 Kto tam išiel?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.