Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    1
    10
    4
    3
    9
    8
    12
    2
    11
    6
    7

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    3 Písal som im. write to
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    3
    5
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    6 Kedy volala?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    11 Poslala mi správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.