Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • e Urobil som chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    9
    6
    12
    1
    10
    5
    7
    11
    8
    2
    3
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    3 Písal som im. write to
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    4
    1
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    6 Kedy volala?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.