Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    5
    8
    7
    12
    6
    3
    11
    9
    10
    4
    1
    2

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    2
    1
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    3 Neboli doma.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    6 Kedy volala?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    1 Bol som tam včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.