Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 9270

    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 9272

    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 9274

    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 9275

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

  • fil
  • 9277

    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 9278

    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 9279

    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • sentence
  • 9281

    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    3
    12
    11
    4
    1
    8
    6
    5
    2
    9
    7

    Exercise 9

  • fil
  • 9282

    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 9283

    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 9285

    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 9287

    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 9288

    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    3 Písal som im. write to
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    12 Videl som ju včera. see

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

  • sentence
  • 9290

    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 9292

    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 9293

    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 9294

    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    3
    1
    2
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 9295

    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 9296

    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 9298

    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    3 Neboli doma.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    6 Kedy volala?
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.