Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    8
    3
    1
    11
    12
    7
    5
    6
    10
    2
    4
    9

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come
    3 Písal som im. write to
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    2
    3
    5
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    6 Kedy volala?
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    7 Odišla pred minútou.
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    3 Neboli doma.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.