Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čítajte nahlas a preložte. Všímajte si stavbu anglickej vety a tvary slovies.

    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimnite si použitie anglického privlastňovacieho zámena na vyjadrenie slovenského si (niečo spôsobiť či urobiť sám sebe). Napr. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svoju nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do vrecka., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefón., She tied her hair. - Zviazala si vlasy. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správne tvary slovesa be v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo výslovnosti where a were! Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte zodpovedajúce výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Kúpil si auto.
    • b Dal som mu nejaké peniaze.
    • c Strávili sme tam dva dni.
    • d Nebol som doma.
    • h Vedela o tom.
    • a Hovorili sme o tebe.
    • e Urobil som chybu.
    • g Kde si sa narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Niektoré nepravidelné tvary bežných anglických slovies majú aj celkom iné významy. Napr. tvar saw je po slovensky aj podstatné meno píla, tvar thought je tiež myšlienka, tvar broke je aj prídavné meno znamenajúce na mizine, bez peňazí. Napr.: I'm broke. - Som na mizine., Som bez peňazí. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale tiež infinitív pravidelného slovesa, ktoré znamená založiť (organizáciu ap.) Môžete teda v minulom čase naraziť na tvar founded, ktorý však nie je tvarom slovesa find! Napr. He founded a city. - Založil mesto. ALE He found a city. - Našiel mesto.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary slovies v jednoduchom minulom čase a prečítajte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to ask you something.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Tvorte zo slov vety v jednoduchom minulom čase.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte súvisiace výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojenie not bad sa bežne užíva vo význame celkom dobré, ide to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Napíšte neurčitky slovies, ktoré počujete použité vo vetách v minulom čase.

    10
    5
    11
    6
    7
    1
    12
    9
    3
    8
    2
    4

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnu časovú predložku - before alebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 10

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    • Upravte vety z budúceho času do minulého. Všímajte si analógie.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má vo všetkých časoch rovnaký tvar, teda aj v minulom čase. Iba v čase prítomnom jednoduchom má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Napr.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spať., (prítomný čas jednoduchý) She lets him sleep. - Necháva ho spať. ap. Nezamieňajte však lets (pre 3. osobu) a výzvu let's - let us! Napr. Let's go!

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovedzte na otázky celou vetou podľa slov v pomôckach.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Slovo drunk je 3. tvar (minulé príčastie - PP) slovesa drink, ale tiež prídavné meno opitý. Podobné je to s mnohými anglickými slovesami, napr. so slovesom break a jeho tvarom broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), find - found (nájdený), know - known (známy) či so slovesom go a tvarom gone. Spojenie be gone znamená byť preč. He's gone. - Je preč. (Odišiel.)

    Exercise 12

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    • Tvorte otázky. Pýtajte sa na zvýraznené slová.

    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 13

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    • Preložte. Využite nápovedu.

    11 Kde si sa narodil? be born
    7 Musela odísť. have to leave
    10 Tie peniaze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozviedli sa. get divorced
    9 Nemohol som prísť. cannot
    12 Videl som ju včera. see
    8 Zobudil ma o piatej. wake up
    4 Počul som o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dni. take
    3 Písal som im. write to
    6 Dal som mu vedieť. let know
    5 Našiel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechcel prísť. want to come

    What took you so long? možno preložiť ako: Čo ti trvalo tak dlho?

    Exercise 14

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    • Tvorte zo slov nepriame rozkazy pomocou let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nerob si (s tým) starosti., Netráp sa tým. Fázu: Let me worry about that. možno ho preložiť ako: O to sa postarám ja.

    Exercise 15

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    • Tvorte z kladných viet záporné vety a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Prečítajte nahlas časové údaje celými slovami.

    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napíšte čísla a údaje, ktoré budete počuť.

    4
    2
    5
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Preložte výzvy pomocou slovesa let. Využite pomôcky.

    8 Nehovorme o tom. speak about
    10 Neponáhľajme sa! hurry
    2 Dajme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Poďme peši. walk
    3 Porozprávajme sa. talk
    6 Nestrácajme čas! waste time
    4 Sadnime si tu. sit here
    5 Poďme ku mne. go, my place
    7 Nehádajme sa! argue
    9 Nemyslime na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podľa kontextu chýbajúce údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Zapamätajte si termín marital status (ˈmærɪtəl ˈsteɪtəs) - rodinný stav. Môžete sa s ním často stretnúť pri vypĺňaní formulárov. Typicky sa do kolónky vypĺňa jeden z termínov: single (slobodný/slobodná), married (ženatý/vydatá), divorced (rozvedený/rozvedená), separated (žijúci oddelene) či ev. widowed (ovdovený/ovdovená).

    Exercise 20

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    • Povedzte po anglicky.

    20 Nehovorme o tom!
    4 Kto tam išiel?
    13 Stretol som ho včera.
    6 Kedy volala?
    11 Poslala mi správu.
    17 Nechal som to na tvojom stole.
    5 Išiel tam sám?
    12 Dostal som od neho správu.
    15 Jej priateľ pred rokom zomrel.
    19 Zabudnime na to.
    16 Skúšal som to dvakrát.
    18 Zabudol som mu to povedať.
    2 Boli ste tam tiež?
    9 Nemohol som ho zastihnúť.
    1 Bol som tam včera.
    14 Videl som ju minulý týždeň.
    3 Neboli doma.
    10 Urobil si chybu.
    8 Čo si robil včera večer?
    7 Odišla pred minútou.

    Slovo alone znamená slovensky sám, ale iba ak hovoríme, že niekto je bez sprievodu, osamotený ap. Napr.: I live alone. - Bývam sám., Leave me alone. - Nechajte ma (o samote). Ak chceme vyjadriť, že niekto niečo urobil sám (bez cudzej pomoci), treba použiť zvratné zámeno, ktoré mení tvary podľa osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself. Napr. “Urobil som to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Viac pozri Zvratné zámená v Lekcii 11.

    Pozor na rozdiel vo význame medzi friend a boyfriend pri preklade slovenského priateľ! Friend je všeobecne priateľ ako kamarát. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je priateľ resp. priateľka ako partner či partnerka v ľúbostnom vzťahu.